Newnes Electrical Power Engineers Handbook

This book uses notation in accordance with the current British and International
Standards. Units for engineering quantities are printed in upright roman characters, with
a space between the numerical value and the unit, but no space between the decimal
prefix and the unit, e.g. 275 kV.

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Newnes Electrical Power Engineers Book

 

Understanding Electric Utilities and De-Regulation

This book is intended as a reference book and a tutorial guide for those
many non-engineering professionals who find themselves part of an industry
dominated at every turn by esoteric engineering concepts and technical
terminology. It will also serve engineers, economists, and utility managers by
providing a non-technical overview of how their particular fields interact with
the whole. Electric power has become such a wide landscape that many of the
most experienced experts have little opportunity to see how their contributions
fit into the big picture, particularly with respect to how all its interconnected
facets are evolving under de-regulation. The authors have endeavored to make
the entire discussion as understandable as possible, but nonetheless complete.

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Understanding Electric Utilities and De-Reguration

Electrical Power Systems Quality

Power quality issues frequently cross the energy meter boundary
between the utility and the end user. Therefore, this book addresses
issues of interest to both utility engineers and industrial engineers and
technicians. Every attempt has been made to provide a balanced
approach to the presentation of the problems and solutions.
The book should also be of interest to designers of manufacturing
equipment, computers, appliances, and other load equipment. It will
help designers learn about the environment in which their equipment
must operate and the peculiar difficulties their customers might have
when trying to operate their equipment. Hopefully, this book will serve
as common ground on which these three entities-utility, customer,
and equipment supplier-can meet to resolve problems.
This book is intended to serve both as a reference book and a textbook
for utility distribution engineers and key technical personnel with industrial
end users. Parts of the book are tutorial in nature for the newcomer
to power quality and power systems, while other parts are very technical,
intended strictly as reference for the experienced practitioner.

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Electric power Systems Quality

Electrical Engineer Portable Handbook

This book is talking about : electrical design
professionals in the preliminary design of buildings of all types and sizes.

This book is unique among handbooks. It provides myriad valuable
time-saving data for the experienced practitioner, yet there are enough
concept explanations and examples on critical topics to use it as a teaching
tool for the fledgling electrical design professional.Also, the topics of
Chapters 3 through 7, in particular, are arranged in a sequence that
closely approximates the normal design process flow to facilitate speed
for the experienced practitioner and learning for the beginner.The Index
has been expanded to facilitate quickly locating needed information.
This book is not a substitute for professional expertise or other books
of a more detailed and specialized nature, but will be a continuing everyday
aid that takes the more useful “cream” off the top of other sources.

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Electrical Engineer Handbook

The foundations of electricity

The foundations of electricity
(A) classification of materials as electrical conductivity
Materials are classified into three types according to the conductivity as follows:
 1 - conductive materials - and are substances that allow the passage of electric current through such as copper; aluminum; and other metal conductive of electricity; and materials ranging in conductivity as the resistivity of each material.

2 - insulating materials: These are materials that do not allow the passage of electric current through; and because of the internal structure and the strong interdependence between the atoms; such as wood; rubber; porcelain; and other insulating materials.

3 - semiconductor materials: the materials located between the material conductive and insulating materials in terms of the delivery of electricity; other words Articles semiconducting be a buffer at a temperature of absolute zero and under the influence of temperature begins conductivity increase as a result of the disintegration of the strong link between the atoms by heat; and of semiconductor materials germanium; silicon.
(B) the concept of current and voltage and electrical resistance:
(1) Power Supply:
If you connect a copper wire with a source of electric power such as the battery; leads to the movement of electrons inside the wire; and from that deduce a definition of electrical current.Power Supply: is the amount of cargo passing through a conductor under the influence of an external force resulting from a battery electrical source;The direction of movement opposite to the direction of the electrons (the direction of current from positive to negative).



The following equation method of calculating the value of electric current:
V = k ÷ nWhere: T: current (mA)
           As: electric charge (coulomb)
           N: time (seconds)
Example: Calculate the amount of electricity if it is known that the amount of electric charge passing in the connector within 4 seconds equal to 8 Colom.
Solution: -
       Data: find the required current and known value of the shipment and the shipment time, where (k) equal to 8 Colom; and the amount of time (n) 4 seconds
Apply to the power law v = k v ÷ n = 8 ÷ 4 T = 2 mA

Types of electricity:1 - DC power: who is the current value and its direction remains constant over time; and sources of gray DC accumulator (battery) used in cars.
 2 - alternating current (AC) is the current value of the change and direction change with time; and the AC current generated from the power plant that provides electricity for residences.
 Forms of waves of the alternating current (AC):
AC square wave form of AC wave form of the age saw the AC sine wave form
(2) voltage (voltage difference):
  Requires entry into an electric current to the existence of the power of affecting the electrons; and can be an influential force is the potential difference or electromotive force or voltage, all labels may be similar in meaning.It can be defined: as a force that forces the electrons (charges) to move in a particular direction through a conductor; cause any flow of current supply.
 Known and potential difference: Balchgl effort to move electric charge from a point less effort to the highest point effort.And can be achieved according to the following equation:
C = u ÷ kWhere: A: The difference voltage (volts) u: work done (Paljol)
          As: the amount of electric charge (Balcolom)

Article and electricity

Article and electricity
Divided material for the passage of electric current in which to:
1 - conductive material: -A material that allows for the passage of electrical current which is also where the material that contains free electrons, This article may differ with each degree of the quality of delivery of electricity, where we find that silver is the finest example of the electric conductive material and then the rest of the material according to the quality of the connection.
2 - insulating material: -A material that resists the passage of electric current, namely, also differ in degree of isolationWhere we find that the solid mica, wood, glass and plastic insulation from the finest materials and then comes the rest of the material according to the quality of insulation.
3 - semiconductor material: (semi-conductor) (Semi - conductor): -A material that allows the passage of electrical current which in one direction only, such as Uniting (rectifiers)

Resistance and power
Can say that the resistance is a feature article of resistance to the passage of electric current, and the unity of this resistance is the Ohm! Resistance (m) and one ohm made by the Chamber that on both sides by voltage (c) one volt so that the current (c) passing in this article amount and one amp {.

 Resistivity: -Can say that the resistivity of the material is}: resistance conductor length and one centimeter in cross-section area of ​​one square centimeter in the direction of flow of current; and its symbol (p) is directly proportional to the length (l)And inversely with the sectional area of ​​Mosul (o) {.If (m) a symbol of resistance, (l) the code length of Mosul; (o) cross-section area code
 The law of the resistance as follows: -


M = p × s / o Om